You generally should not put references on a resume. Referee names and phone numbers take up space that is better used for your skills and achievements, and they expose other people's contact details to anyone who sees your file. Keep a separate reference sheet ready and share it only when the employer asks for it.
Why references on a resume are not needed
Recruiters assume you will provide referees if they reach the final stage. The line "References available upon request" adds no information, so most hiring teams treat it as filler. That space is more useful for one more project, a tool you know or a measurable result.
Privacy matters too. Resumes are uploaded to job portals, forwarded between teams and sometimes stored for months. Your former manager did not agree to receive calls from unknown recruiters.
When you might include them
There are a few exceptions where mentioning references makes sense:
- The job advertisement clearly asks for referee details with the application.
- You are applying in a sector or country where a referee section is the normal practice.
- You are a fresher and a professor or internship mentor has agreed to be named.
In these cases, add them at the end of the document or attach the separate sheet, rather than placing them near the top.
How to build a separate reference sheet
Create a one-page document with the same header as your resume. For each referee list:
- Full name and current designation
- Organisation and work email
- Phone number they are comfortable sharing
- Your relationship, for example "Reporting manager at ABC Pvt Ltd, 2021-2023"
- One line on what they can speak about, such as project delivery or teamwork
Two or three referees are usually enough. Mix at least one direct manager or senior with a colleague or client who saw your work closely.
Who to ask, and how
Freshers can ask a professor, project guide or internship supervisor. Experienced candidates should prefer a former manager or a senior colleague. Avoid family friends or relatives, since employers want a professional view.
Always ask permission first. Share your updated resume, the job description and the points you hope they can confirm. Tell them roughly when a call might come, and thank them afterwards whatever the outcome.
Do and don't
- Do keep contact details current and double-check the spelling of names.
- Do tell referees which role you applied for.
- Don't list someone who may give a lukewarm or unprepared answer.
- Don't write "References available upon request" as a closing line.
- Don't put personal mobile numbers of referees on a public portal.
Next step
Finish your primary resume in CVTara first, then prepare the reference sheet as a separate page so you can send it only when a recruiter requests it.
You can also run an ATS match against a real job description, or read our related guide: Resume Action Verbs and Power Words.
Frequently asked questions
Is 'references available upon request' still needed?
No. Employers already expect that you will provide referees later, so the line only uses up space.
How many references should I keep ready?
Two or three professional referees are usually enough, ideally including a former manager or senior.
Can a fresher use a professor as a reference?
Yes. A professor, project guide or internship mentor who knows your work and has agreed to be contacted is a sensible choice.